Modern History of Ethiopia

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Tewodros II (1855–1868)

He unified Ethiopia and tried to modernize the empire. His rule marked the start of modern state formation.

Yohannes IV (1872–1889)

Focused on defending Ethiopia from external threats and maintaining stability.

Menelik II (1889–1913)

Expanded Ethiopia and won the Battle of Adwa against Italy in 1896. Founded Addis Ababa.

Lij Iyasu (1913–1916)

Never fully crowned emperor and was removed from power due to political conflicts.

Zewditu I (1916–1930)

First female head of state in Ethiopia. Her reign was guided by Ras Tafari.

Haile Selassie I (1930–1974)

Modernized Ethiopia and represented the country internationally. Overthrown in 1974.

Mengistu Haile Mariam (1974–1991)

Led the Derg military government, marked by political repression and civil war.

Meles Zenawi (1991–2012)

Introduced federal system and oversaw economic growth and infrastructure development.

Abiy Ahmed (2018–Present)

Current Prime Minister known for reformist agenda and efforts to modernize Ethiopia.